etirm::Item< L > Class Template Reference

Class (template) containing information about an item. More...

#include <Item.h>

Inheritance diagram for etirm::Item< L >:

[legend]

List of all members.

Public Types
typedef L	latentvar_type
	Type of latent variable.
typedef RealVector::iterator	param_iterator
	Iterator over parameters.
typedef PriorVector::iterator	prior_iterator
	Iterator over priors.
typedef RealVector	param_vector
	Parameter vector.
typedef PriorVector	prior_vector
	Vector of parameter priors.
Public Member Functions
	Item (int nparam, int index, int nRespCat)
	Item class constructor.
virtual	~Item ()
	Item class destructor.
RealVector	GetParameters () const
	Returns vector of estimated parameters for item.
virtual RealVector	GetAllParameters () const
	Returns all item parameters, including estimated and fixed parameters.
void	SetParameters (const RealVector &param)
	Assigns values of parameter estimates from vector.
template<class I>
void	SetParameters (I begin, I end)
	Assigns values of parameter estimates from iterator range.
virtual void	SetAllParameters (const RealVector &allParam)
	Sets all item parameters, including estimated and fixed parameters.
template<class I>
void	SetAllParameters (I begin, I end)
	Version of SetAllParameters that uses an iterator range to define the sequence of all parameters.
PriorVector::iterator	PriorsIterator ()
	Returns iterator pointing to the first prior element of the first item parameter.
RealVector::iterator	ParametersIterator ()
	Returns iterator to the estimate of the first parameter.
void	SetPriors (PriorVector &priors)
	Assigns prior distributions of item parameters.
PriorVector	GetPriors ()
	Returns vector (mPriors) of parameter priors.
void	DeletePriors ()
	Releases memory for all priors in mPriors.
virtual int	NonZeroPriors (RealVector &p) const
	Ensures that all priors have non-zero, positive densities.
int	NumParameters () const
	Returns the number of parameters of the item.
int	NumRespCat () const
	Returns the number of valid response categories for item.
bool	ValidResponse (Response r) const
	Returns true if response "r" is a valid response for this item, otherwise return false.
bool	CheckResponse (Response r) const
	Returns true if "r" is a valid response or is the constant indicating no response to the item.
virtual int	ScaleParameters (Real slope, Real intercept, bool ignorePriors=false)=0
	Transforms item parameters to new latent variable scale.
virtual Real	ICRF (Response r, const RealVector &parameters, const L &theta) const =0
	Item category response function giving the probability of response r for the item parameters "parameters" and the latent variable "theta".
template<class I>
void	ICRFAll (const RealVector &parameters, const L &theta, I iprob) const
	Computes the probabilities of all possible responses to the item for the latent variable "theta" and the item parameters "parameters".
Real	ProbResp (Response r, const L &theta) const
	Returns probability of response r for parameter estimates in "mParameterEstimates" and the latent variable "theta".
template<class I>
void	ProbRespAll (const L &theta, I iprob) const
	Computes the probabilities of all possible responses to the item for the the latent variable "theta".
virtual Real	NormalizingConstant () const
	Returns the normalizing constant used for some IRT models, such as D for the 3PL model.
int	ResponseIndex (const Response r) const
	Returns index associated with response, where ResponseIndex(firstResponse) == 0, ResponseIndex(firstResponse+1) == 1, ..., ResponseIndex(firstResponse+NumRespCat()-1) == NumRespCat()-1.
Response	IndexResponse (const int index) const
	Returns response in response category "index".
int	Index () const
	Returns zero-offset index of item (first item has index 0).
virtual std::string	ModelName () const =0
	Returns string containing name of model used for item.
virtual IRTModel	Model () const =0
	Returns type of model used for item.
virtual void	SetFirstResponse (Response r)
	Assigns response associated with first response category.
Response	FirstResponse () const
	Returns the response corresponding to first response category.
Response	LastResponse () const
	Returns the response corresponding to last response category.
virtual Response	CorrectResponse ()
	Returns response that is considered correct for dichotomous items.
Static Public Member Functions
static Response	NotPresentedResponse ()
	Returns the response which indicates an item was not presented, or that the examinee did not respond to the item.
static bool	IsNoResponse (Response r)
	Returns true if "r" is equal to the constant that represents no response to the item.
static Response	DefaultFirstResponse ()
	Returns the response associated with the first response category if SetDefaultFirstResponse is not called.
static void	SetNotPresentedResponse (Response r)
	Assigns response indicating item was not presented.
static void	SetDefaultFirstResponse (Response r)
	Assigns response used for initial value of mFirstResponse in constructor.
Protected Attributes
int	mIndex
	A zero-based index of the item in the vector of responses to all items.
int	mNumParameters
	Number of item parameters.
int	mNRespCat
	Number of response categories.
RealVector	mParameterEstimates
	Vector of estimated item parameters.
PriorVector	mPriors
	Vector of prior distributions for item parameters.
Response	mFirstResponse
	Response associated with first response category.
Static Protected Attributes
static Response	notPresentedResponse
	Response indicating an item was not presented or the examinee did not respond to the item.
static Response	defaultFirstResponse
	Default value used for mFirstResponse if SetFirstResponse not called.

---

Detailed Description

template<class L>
class etirm::Item< L >

Class (template) containing information about an item.

Template Parameters

Parameters:

L

Type of latent variable.

Definition at line 43 of file Item.h.

---

Member Typedef Documentation

template<class L>

typedef L etirm::Item< L >::latentvar_type

Type of latent variable.

Definition at line 48 of file Item.h.

template<class L>

typedef RealVector::iterator etirm::Item< L >::param_iterator

Iterator over parameters.

Definition at line 51 of file Item.h.

template<class L>

typedef PriorVector::iterator etirm::Item< L >::prior_iterator

Iterator over priors.

Definition at line 54 of file Item.h.

template<class L>

typedef RealVector etirm::Item< L >::param_vector

Parameter vector.

Definition at line 57 of file Item.h.

template<class L>

typedef PriorVector etirm::Item< L >::prior_vector

Vector of parameter priors.

Definition at line 60 of file Item.h.

---

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

template<class L>

etirm::Item< L >::Item	(	int	nparam,
		int	index,
		int	nRespCat
	)			[inline]

Item class constructor.

Parameters:

[in]	nparam	Number of item parameters.
[in]	index	zero-offset index of item in vector of all item responses.
[in]	nRespCat	Number of response categories for the item.

Constructor

Definition at line 463 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::notPresentedResponse, and etirm::Item< L >::ValidResponse().

                                                                     :
    mIndex(index), mNumParameters(nparam), mNRespCat(nRespCat), mParameterEstimates(nparam, 0.0),
        mPriors(nparam, (ItemParamPrior *) 0), mFirstResponse(defaultFirstResponse)
  {
    // Make sure response indicating that item was not taken
    // is not a valid response
    if (ValidResponse(notPresentedResponse))
      throw RuntimeError("Not presented response is in range of valid responses",
          "Item::SetFirstResponse");

  }

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template<class L>

etirm::Item< L >::~Item

(

)

[inline, virtual]

Item class destructor.

Definition at line 509 of file Item.h.

  {
  }

---

Member Function Documentation

template<class L>

RealVector etirm::Item< L >::GetParameters

(

)

const [inline]

Returns vector of estimated parameters for item.

Definition at line 76 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::GetAllParameters().

    {
      return mParameterEstimates;
    }

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template<class L>

virtual RealVector etirm::Item< L >::GetAllParameters

(

)

const [inline, virtual]

Returns all item parameters, including estimated and fixed parameters.

For example, for a two-parameter logistic model only the a and b parameters are estimated, but a fixed c parameter could be specified. This function would return a vector containing the a, b, and c parameters, where only a and b would be returned by GetParameters().

Reimplemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >, and etirm::ItemPolytomous< LC, M >.

Definition at line 91 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::item_get_all_params().

    {
      return GetParameters();
    }

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template<class L>

void etirm::Item< L >::SetParameters

(

const RealVector &

param

)

[inline]

Assigns values of parameter estimates from vector.

Definition at line 514 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::mParameterEstimates, and etirm::Item< L >::NumParameters().

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetAllParameters().

  {
    if (param.size() != NumParameters())
      throw InvalidArgument("Wrong number of parameters", "Item::SetParameters");

    mParameterEstimates = param;

  }

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template<class L>

template<class I>

void etirm::Item< L >::SetParameters	(	I	begin,
		I	end
	)			[inline]

Assigns values of parameter estimates from iterator range.

Definition at line 525 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::mParameterEstimates, and etirm::Item< L >::NumParameters().

  {
    typename std::iterator_traits<I>::difference_type n = end - begin;
    if (n != NumParameters())
    throw InvalidArgument("Wrong number of parameters", "Item::SetParameters");

    param_iterator ip = mParameterEstimates.begin();
    while (begin != end)
    {
      *ip = *begin;
      ++begin;
      ++ip;
    }

  }

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template<class L>

virtual void etirm::Item< L >::SetAllParameters

(

const RealVector &

allParam

)

[inline, virtual]

Sets all item parameters, including estimated and fixed parameters.

For example, for a two-parameter logistic model only the a and b parameters are estimated, but a fixed c parameter could be specified. This function would set the a and b parameters the same as SetParameters, but would also set the fixed c parameter.

Reimplemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >, and etirm::ItemPolytomous< LC, M >.

Definition at line 110 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::item_set_all_params(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetAllParameters().

    {
      SetParameters(allParam);
    }

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template<class L>

template<class I>

void etirm::Item< L >::SetAllParameters	(	I	begin,
		I	end
	)			[inline]

Version of SetAllParameters that uses an iterator range to define the sequence of all parameters.

Definition at line 120 of file Item.h.

    {
      RealVector allParam(begin, end);
      SetAllParameters(allParam);
    }

template<class L>

PriorVector::iterator etirm::Item< L >::PriorsIterator

(

)

[inline]

Returns iterator pointing to the first prior element of the first item parameter.

Definition at line 126 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::item_get_prior_param(), etirm::item_get_prior_type(), etirm::item_set_all_params(), etirm::item_set_param(), etirm::item_set_params(), and etirm::item_set_prior().

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template<class L>

RealVector::iterator etirm::Item< L >::ParametersIterator

(

)

[inline]

Returns iterator to the estimate of the first parameter.

Definition at line 132 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::item_get_param(), etirm::item_get_params(), etirm::item_set_all_params(), etirm::item_set_param(), and etirm::item_set_params().

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template<class L>

void etirm::Item< L >::SetPriors

(

PriorVector &

priors

)

[inline]

Assigns prior distributions of item parameters.

Definition at line 542 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::mPriors, and etirm::Item< L >::NumParameters().

  {
    if ( (int)priors.size() != NumParameters()) // Casting first argument to type "int", ww, 3-1-2008.
      throw InvalidArgument("Wrong number of priors", "Item::SetPriors");

    mPriors = priors;

  }

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template<class L>

PriorVector etirm::Item< L >::GetPriors

(

)

[inline]

Returns vector (mPriors) of parameter priors.

Definition at line 142 of file Item.h.

    {
      return mPriors;
    } // Changed "priors" to "mPriors". ww, 1/10/2008.

template<class L>

void etirm::Item< L >::DeletePriors

(

)

[inline]

Releases memory for all priors in mPriors.

Definition at line 552 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::mPriors.

  {

    int n = mPriors.size();
    PriorVector::iterator i = mPriors.begin();

    while (n--)
    {
      if (*i != 0)
      {
        delete *i;
        *i = 0;
      }
      ++i;
    }

  }

template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::NonZeroPriors

(

RealVector &

param

)

const [inline, virtual]

Ensures that all priors have non-zero, positive densities.

If a value of a parameter in param has zero probability in the prior distribution for the parameter then this functions changes the parameter prior to a strictly positive density.

Returns the number of parameters that were changed.

Definition at line 580 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::mPriors, and etirm::Item< L >::NumParameters().

  {
    int n = 0;

    // For each parameter assigns new value to parameter if
    // prior density of parameter value is zero.
    PriorVector::const_iterator iprior = mPriors.begin();
    RealVector::iterator iparam = param.begin();
    for (int i=NumParameters(); i--; ++iprior, ++iparam)
    {
      if (*iprior)
      {
        Real newparam = (*iprior)->NearestNonZero(*iparam);
        if (newparam != *iparam)
        {
          ++n;
          *iparam = newparam;
        }
      }
    }

    return n;

  }

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template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::NumParameters

(

)

const [inline]

Returns the number of parameters of the item.

Definition at line 152 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::CheckItemParam(), etirm::item_get_params(), etirm::item_num_params(), etirm::item_set_all_params(), etirm::item_set_params(), etirm::Item< L >::NonZeroPriors(), etirm::Item< L >::SetParameters(), and etirm::Item< L >::SetPriors().

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template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::NumRespCat

(

)

const [inline]

Returns the number of valid response categories for item.

Definition at line 158 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< L >::ICRFAll(), etirm::item_num_resp_cat(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::LastResponse().

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template<class L>

bool etirm::Item< L >::ValidResponse

(

Response

r

)

const [inline]

Returns true if response "r" is a valid response for this item, otherwise return false.

It is assumed that valid item responses are mFirstResponse, mFirstResponse+1, ..., mFirstResponse+NumRespCat()-1. mNotPresentedResponse is not a valid response.

Definition at line 173 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::CheckResponse(), etirm::Item< L >::Item(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetFirstResponse().

    {
      return ((r >= mFirstResponse) && (r <= LastResponse())) ? true : false;
    }

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template<class L>

bool etirm::Item< L >::CheckResponse

(

Response

r

)

const [inline]

Returns true if "r" is a valid response or is the constant indicating no response to the item.

Definition at line 183 of file Item.h.

    {
      return (ValidResponse(r) || r == notPresentedResponse) ? true : false;
    }

template<class L>

virtual int etirm::Item< L >::ScaleParameters	(	Real	slope,
		Real	intercept,
		bool	ignorePriors = false
	)			[pure virtual]

Transforms item parameters to new latent variable scale.

Implemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >, and etirm::ItemPolytomous< LC, M >.

Referenced by etirm::item_scale_params().

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template<class L>

virtual Real etirm::Item< L >::ICRF	(	Response	r,
		const RealVector &	parameters,
		const L &	theta
	)			const [pure virtual]

Item category response function giving the probability of response r for the item parameters "parameters" and the latent variable "theta".

Referenced by etirm::Item< L >::ICRFAll(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ProbResp().

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template<class L>

template<class I>

void etirm::Item< L >::ICRFAll	(	const RealVector &	parameters,
		const L &	theta,
		I	iprob
	)			const [inline]

Computes the probabilities of all possible responses to the item for the latent variable "theta" and the item parameters "parameters".

Probabilities are stored using iterator iprob, which points to the location where the probability for the first response category should be stored.

Definition at line 491 of file Item.h.

References etirm::Item< L >::ICRF(), etirm::Item< L >::IndexResponse(), and etirm::Item< L >::NumRespCat().

  {
    Real sum = 0.0;
    int n = NumRespCat()-1;
    // Compute probabilities for all but last response category
    for (int r = 0; r < n; ++r, ++iprob)
    {
      *iprob = ICRF(IndexResponse(r), parameters, theta);
      sum += *iprob;
    }
    // Probability for last response category
    *iprob = 1.0 - sum;

  }

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template<class L>

Real etirm::Item< L >::ProbResp	(	Response	r,
		const L &	theta
	)			const [inline]

Returns probability of response r for parameter estimates in "mParameterEstimates" and the latent variable "theta".

Definition at line 217 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::item_prob_resp().

    {
      return ICRF(r, mParameterEstimates, theta);
    }

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template<class L>

template<class I>

void etirm::Item< L >::ProbRespAll	(	const L &	theta,
		I	iprob
	)			const [inline]

Computes the probabilities of all possible responses to the item for the the latent variable "theta".

Probabilities are stored using iterator iprob, which points to the location where the probability for the first response category should be stored.

Definition at line 231 of file Item.h.

    {
      ICRFAll<I>(mParameterEstimates, theta, iprob);
    }

template<class L>

virtual Real etirm::Item< L >::NormalizingConstant

(

)

const [inline, virtual]

Returns the normalizing constant used for some IRT models, such as D for the 3PL model.

Reimplemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >.

Definition at line 241 of file Item.h.

    {
      return 1.0;
    }

template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::ResponseIndex

(

const Response

r

)

const [inline]

Returns index associated with response, where ResponseIndex(firstResponse) == 0, ResponseIndex(firstResponse+1) == 1, ..., ResponseIndex(firstResponse+NumRespCat()-1) == NumRespCat()-1.

Assumes r is a valid response not equal to notPresentedResponse.

Definition at line 254 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Resp2Char().

    {
      return r - mFirstResponse;
    }

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template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::IndexResponse

(

const int

index

)

const [inline]

Returns response in response category "index".

Note: This is the inverse of the ResponseIndex function. It is assumed that index >= 0.

Definition at line 266 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< L >::ICRFAll(), and etirm::item_prob_resp().

    {
      return mFirstResponse + index;
    }

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template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::Index

(

)

const [inline]

Returns zero-offset index of item (first item has index 0).

Definition at line 272 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::CheckItemParam().

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template<class L>

virtual std::string etirm::Item< L >::ModelName

(

)

const [pure virtual]

Returns string containing name of model used for item.

Implemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >, and etirm::ItemPolytomous< LC, M >.

Referenced by etirm::item_get_model().

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template<class L>

virtual IRTModel etirm::Item< L >::Model

(

)

const [pure virtual]

Returns type of model used for item.

Implemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >, and etirm::ItemPolytomous< LC, M >.

template<class L>

virtual void etirm::Item< L >::SetFirstResponse

(

Response

r

)

[inline, virtual]

Assigns response associated with first response category.

Responses associated with other response categories are assumed to mFirstResponse+1, mFirstResponse+2, ...

Reimplemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >.

Definition at line 292 of file Item.h.

    {
      mFirstResponse = r;
      // Make sure response indicating that item was not taken
      // is not a valid response
      if (ValidResponse(notPresentedResponse))
        throw RuntimeError("Not presented response is in range of valid responses",
            "Item::SetFirstResponse");
    }

template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::FirstResponse

(

)

const [inline]

Returns the response corresponding to first response category.

The response corresponding to the i-th response category would be FirstResponse() + (i-1).

Definition at line 309 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Resp2Char().

    {
      return mFirstResponse;
    }

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template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::LastResponse

(

)

const [inline]

Returns the response corresponding to last response category.

Definition at line 314 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ValidResponse().

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template<class L>

virtual Response etirm::Item< L >::CorrectResponse

(

)

[inline, virtual]

Returns response that is considered correct for dichotomous items.

Should be overriden for class representing dichotomous items.

Reimplemented in etirm::ItemDichotomous< D, ICC >.

Definition at line 326 of file Item.h.

    {
      // By default throw an exception indicating there no response considered correct
      throw RuntimeError("No correct response for item", "Item::CorrectResponse()");
      return 0;
    }

template<class L>

static Response etirm::Item< L >::NotPresentedResponse

(

)

[inline, static]

Returns the response which indicates an item was not presented, or that the examinee did not respond to the item.

Definition at line 338 of file Item.h.

    {
      return notPresentedResponse;
    }

template<class L>

static bool etirm::Item< L >::IsNoResponse

(

Response

r

)

[inline, static]

Returns true if "r" is equal to the constant that represents no response to the item.

Definition at line 348 of file Item.h.

    {
      return r == notPresentedResponse;
    }

template<class L>

static Response etirm::Item< L >::DefaultFirstResponse

(

)

[inline, static]

Returns the response associated with the first response category if SetDefaultFirstResponse is not called.

Definition at line 358 of file Item.h.

    {
      return defaultFirstResponse;
    }

template<class L>

static void etirm::Item< L >::SetNotPresentedResponse

(

Response

r

)

[inline, static]

Assigns response indicating item was not presented.

This should only be called before any item objects have been created.

Definition at line 370 of file Item.h.

    {
      notPresentedResponse = r;
    }

template<class L>

static void etirm::Item< L >::SetDefaultFirstResponse

(

Response

r

)

[inline, static]

Assigns response used for initial value of mFirstResponse in constructor.

Definition at line 375 of file Item.h.

---

Member Data Documentation

template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::mIndex [protected]

A zero-based index of the item in the vector of responses to all items.

Definition at line 384 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::Index().

template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::mNumParameters [protected]

Number of item parameters.

Definition at line 387 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::NumParameters().

template<class L>

int etirm::Item< L >::mNRespCat [protected]

Number of response categories.

Definition at line 390 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::NumRespCat().

template<class L>

RealVector etirm::Item< L >::mParameterEstimates [protected]

Vector of estimated item parameters.

Definition at line 393 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::GetParameters(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ParametersIterator(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ProbResp(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ProbRespAll(), and etirm::Item< L >::SetParameters().

template<class L>

PriorVector etirm::Item< L >::mPriors [protected]

Vector of prior distributions for item parameters.

Definition at line 396 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< L >::DeletePriors(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::GetPriors(), etirm::Item< L >::NonZeroPriors(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::PriorsIterator(), and etirm::Item< L >::SetPriors().

template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::mFirstResponse [protected]

Response associated with first response category.

It is assumed that valid responses to the item are mFirstResponse, mFirstResponse+1, ..., mFirstResponse+NumRespCat()-1

Definition at line 405 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::FirstResponse(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::IndexResponse(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::LastResponse(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ResponseIndex(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetFirstResponse(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::ValidResponse().

template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::notPresentedResponse [static, protected]

Response indicating an item was not presented or the examinee did not respond to the item.

Definition at line 415 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::CheckResponse(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::IsNoResponse(), etirm::Item< L >::Item(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::NotPresentedResponse(), etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetFirstResponse(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetNotPresentedResponse().

template<class L>

Response etirm::Item< L >::defaultFirstResponse [static, protected]

Default value used for mFirstResponse if SetFirstResponse not called.

Definition at line 419 of file Item.h.

Referenced by etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::DefaultFirstResponse(), and etirm::Item< D::latentvar_type >::SetDefaultFirstResponse().

---

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

• C:/programs/etirm/src/Item.h

---